Carbohydrates

  carbohydrates

Rachel Black Ali Cookson Katie McAuliffe media type="file" key="rachkatali.m4a" width="243" height="243"

Ali: Hello folks! Just thought we should put what we need to do on the actual page. Here it is:

You will be making a podcast to give information to your classmates about a particular type of organic compound. Including the following: · Some examples of compounds · Structure of these compounds · Information on how these chemicals can be recognized (from the structure) · Naming the compounds · Where can these compounds be found in nature · Use of these compounds Be sure to include citations! The podcast around January 12. Before then you will need · Pictures · A script · Indicate on the script which pictures will be used and when The podcast will only be 5 – 8 minutes in duration

Perhaps we should divide these jobs up? There are six main criteria and 3 people. Rachel, you could do 1 & 4, I'd do 2 & 5, Katie, you could do 3 & 6. Just a suggestion! It could go a different way too, I just went in the order the names were written in. Post whenever you can!  Katie: That great, lets start working on gathering information on our "mini topics" and then later we can add the pictures and format it and do the script and stuff. I just think we will be more productive sticking to the main information first, of course if anyone finds a good picture by chance then post it up!. and if either of you know how to post pictures, could you let me know how? That gave me trouble last time. part 3: Its relatively easy to recognize a carbohydrate because they are composed of three elements. Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. Also each carbohydrate has twice as many Hydrogens as Carbons and Oxygens. Another easy way to detect a carbohydrate is by looking at its chemically formula. You can use the structure to find its formula and from there determine what exactly it is. As previously said they all share the same formula. (C6H12O6) So if there are 6 carbons 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens then you know the compound is a carbohydrate.

http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/carbohydrates.html http://books.google.com/books?id=cAFYvW34svgC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=how+carbohydrates+can+be+recognized+from+their+chemical+structure&source=web&ots=HXHZanPf20&sig=k39IRIdHjn5kCuQ-kfx-PRWETj8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#PPA19,M1  Rachael: Yeah those are good ideas. And Katie I think that you might be able to just copy and paste the pictures. I haven't tried yet but it might work.  Some types of Carbs are Monosaccharides:usually glucose Disaccharides:2 monosaccharides joined together ex: 2 glucose makes maltose, glacatose and glucose is lactose Polysaccharides:glycogen, starch, cellulose <span style="color: rgb(11, 13, 208);">http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/00217/en/biology/carbs/index.html <span style="color: rgb(39, 230, 236);"> <span style="color: rgb(39, 230, 236);">On that website there are some definitions of the types of carbs(like some of the bonds and how much carbon i in them, etc.) but I didnt know how much information you guys wanted to include about it. So just let me know and I can always go back and get more stuff. I think we'll probably need it. <span style="color: rgb(39, 230, 236);"> <span style="color: rgb(39, 230, 236);"> <span style="color: rgb(39, 230, 236);">I found this website when I was looking up how to name Carbs. It kind of confuses me so I'm going to find a different website, but it has some pictures and it might help you guys with your research so I thought I'd post it anyways. <span style="color: rgb(13, 15, 217);">[|http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm] <span style="color: rgb(39, 230, 236);"> <span style="color: rgb(236, 39, 210);"><span style="color: rgb(114, 248, 248);"><span style="color: rgb(33, 238, 242);">Most of the websites on naming Carbs are from colleges, so I dont know if we can use them for a valid site. Im going to try today to find some that aren't. So I'll post back later. Katie: Im not using this site quite yet, but it looked helpful and one of us might want it in the furture so im going to post it here. http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/00217/en/biology/carbs/index.html part 6: The carbohydrates we eat in foods provide energy for our bodies. Carbohydrates (in foods) are found in sugars or starches. Carbohydrates are also found in cellulose. Cellulose is to plants as starches and sugars are to humans. Cellulose is a plants main source of energy and power. Cellulose mixed with sunlight and water is taken in by plants, and they use those materials to produse glucose and oxygen

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/organic/carb.html <span style="color: rgb(239, 26, 189);">When eaten Carbohydrates are broken down into three smaller forms. glucose, fructose and galactose.

These sugars are given to are body as energy as soon as they are broken down, however sometimes we take in more then the necessary amount of sugars. When gluctose is not needed for immediate energy use, it is stored in our muscles and liver. When it is stored like this it becomes glycogen. Once there is no more room for glycogen to be stored in our bodies it becomes fat. When exercising glycogen is the form of energy used to power our bodies. If there is not enough of these carbon sugars to provide power to our bodies we get the strength from protein, which weakens our bones, muscles and tissues.

http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/sportsnutrition/a/Carbohydrates.htm

<span style="color: rgb(58, 15, 240);">Ali: Hello group: I just got a new laptop because our old computer died. I've been having trouble accessing the podcast we're supposed to be able to see. I've been doing some research without using this site because of all the problems. I'll work on this in my study from now on if I can't access the webpage. I'll put my work up when I can get on a different computer. What you guys have so far looks great! If we can have all or most of our information by... Friday? we can have the weekend to organize it into a script for Monday. Sound good? If we can do this sooner, thats good too :-) See you guys tomorrow!

Part 2: Structure of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are usually twice as many hydrogen as carbon and oxygen.

This could also be useful: http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/carbohydrates.html <span style="color: rgb(25, 0, 255);">"Many simple sugars can exist in a chain form or a ring form, as illustrated by the hexoses above. The ring form is favored in aqueous solutions, and the mechanism of ring formation is similar for most sugars."

Heres a hexose: These molecules are both forms of fructose. It shows both the ring and chain forms. || <span style="color: rgb(25, 0, 255);"> || <span style="color: rgb(25, 0, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(58, 15, 240);">I'll keep researching this topic.
 * <span style="color: rgb(25, 0, 255);">[[image:http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/fructosed.gif width="74" height="107" caption="D-Fructose - Ketose form"]]

Part 5: Where are carbohydrates found in nature? "The vast majority of carbohydrates in nature are found in the form of very large polymers, made up by joining together various monosaccharide sugars. Glucose is the most abundant sugar used this way, but mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose are also used as monomers. Polysaccharides vary in their monosaccharide composition, in the number of monomers in a chain (its molecular weight) and structural features such as branching." http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/SDPS/SD.PS.LipPol.html

So... basically most carbohydrates exist as large polymers. I don't think that is quite the right thing though. I'll keep looking. <span style="color: rgb(25, 0, 255);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">Rachael: This looks really good everyone! Umm what im posting next is just elaborating on the examples of compounds. I already put up some of the sugars but ill right little blurbs about each of them. <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">The main three monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, and fructose. They all share the same formula (C6H12O6) but there structures are different. <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">If two are combined they form the disaccharides maltose(glucose and glucose), lactose(glucose and galactose), and sucrose(glucose and fructose). To form the disaccharides a hydrogen atom is lost from one of the monosaccharides and an OH (hydroxyl group) from the other one. <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">Starches are polysaccharides and they two types found are amylose and amylopectin. They are polymers of glucose and can be found in plants such as rice, wheat, and corn. <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">Animals store glycogen which is made by polymerizing glucose. Cellulose is found in many plants and it is a polysaccharide. [|http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Carbohydrates.html] <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);"><span style="color: rgb(154, 255, 252);">Most Carbs can be written with the formula Cn(H2O)n ( the n's and 2 should be subscript but my computer wont let me do it). The suffix -ose is usually used when naming the types of carbohydrates. <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">[|http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm] <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">Also when naming saccharides: saccharide means sugar. Mono means 1 as in monosaccharides, di means two as in disaccharides, and poly mean more than one as in polysaccharides. <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/carbohydrate-basics-ga.htm/printable <span style="color: rgb(94, 255, 252);">I know thats not really a lot on naming the compounds but im having a hard time finding reliable sources. Ill still try to look thought

<span style="color: rgb(242, 70, 246);">Katie: hi guys, im going to add my new information up top, to what Ive already wrote. I just think it will be easier for me to keep it together, in 2 sections. My first section which answers part 3 and my second which answers part 6, but I just wanted to show that I am doing work on this, even though its not appearing on the bottom of the page. <span style="color: rgb(242, 70, 246);"> <span style="color: rgb(242, 70, 246);"><span style="color: rgb(154, 255, 252);">Rachael: Hey everybody. Im going to come on later but we need to figure out a way to organize everything. ANd if someone else could put it on a flashdrive that would be good because mine cant really hold a lot on it and its really bad quality. I was thinking maybe just to keep all of the pictures and then tomorrow we can just decide which ones we want and if we find new ones we can use them too. And as far as the dialogue we'll probably just each read what we wrote and if we go back and just edit all the text and just make it flow together that might be a good script. Most of it is in good sentences and stuff anyways. But yeah just tll me what you think and I'll check back a little later. BYE

Katie: Ok guys My part is in sentences and I have some pictures loaded. I dont really know what other pictures we can load without seeming too repetitive, So I will try to save this, but I dont have a flashdrive, so Ali Im hoping you do, but if you dont Im sure we can find some way to make this work. <span style="color: rgb(19, 0, 255);"> Ali: Sorry I wasn't here earlier. I had swimming. You guys probably won't come back but in case you do... I'm going to bring a flash drive too. I'm all done too so we should be ok for tomorrow. <span style="color: rgb(19, 0, 255);"> <span style="color: rgb(154, 255, 252);">Rachael: Ok that sounds good. Yeah I think we'll be good for tomorrow. I just put all of my stuff into sentences and ill probably try to find anther picture or two if I can. All of my script stuff will be in my second post. And I got an email from updates on the watercooler (I get all of them for some reason) and Mrs. Brewster said that we should have the websites and the dates that we looked on them. So ill just right the dates down on a piece of paper and then just bring them in tomorrow.

<span style="color: rgb(11, 19, 213);">Ali: Oh! I got that email too. We don't need the bibliography for tomorrow do we? I didn't think soo... hope not. I copied the links of each website I used. I'll print that sheet out and bring it.