Nucleic+Acids

Nafis Delacruz
media type="file" key="mollyandrachael..m4a" width="264" height="264" SCRIPT:

(Molly)· What are some examples of the Nucleic Acids?
//The two types of nucleic acid are Deoxyribonucleic acid// //(DNA), and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)//. RNA is broken down into three subcategories: Ribosomal //RNA (rRNA)////, messanger RNA (mRNA)//, and //transfer RNA// (tRNA).

(Rachael)· What is the structure of a Nucleic Acid?
====Nucleic acid can be made up of a double helix structure or a single stranded structure. DNA and RNA, both which are Nucleic acids (as seen by the NA at the end of each name), consists of a base made up of: **Uracil**, **Cytosine**, **Thymine**, **Adenine**, and **Guanine.** Nucleic acids are built up by single nucleotides linked together. Nucleotides are made up of a five carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphoric acid. Nucleotides are held together by phosphate ester bonds, which occur with the presence of oxygen and carbon atoms bonded together. ====

(Nafis)·How can these chemicals can be recognized from their structure?
====__Nucleic acids contains both pyrimidines__  (uracil, cytosine, and thymine) __and purines__ (adenine and guanine).==== ====As written on www.dnatutorial.com, the structure of nucleic acids was explained to have "One end of the nucleic acid molecule having a free -OH group on the sugar at the Carbon known as C3' (called the 3' //end//) and the other end of the molecule always has a phosphoric acid group at C5' (the 5' //end//)."They're "polymers made up of individual molecules linked together in long chains" as described on www.deoxyribo-nucleic-acid.blogspot.com. Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides which are made up of a five carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphoric acid.====

(Rachael)· Naming the compounds
//Deoxyribonucleic acid// (DNA) is known to have a double helix structure, a deoxyribose sugar, and consists Thymine but not Uracil. //Ribonucleic acid// (RNA) consists of a ribose sugar and Uracil instead of Thymine. RNA is also single stranded, and it translates the genetic material of DNA, into protein structures, carrying out the instructions of DNA. The three subcategories of RNA are Ribosomal //RNA// (rRNA), //messanger RNA// (mRNA), and //transfer RNA// (RNA).

(Molly)· Where can these compounds be found in nature?
====These compounds, DNA and RNA, can always be found in all cells of everything from bacteria to humans .DNA is always found in the nucleus of the cell. RNA can also be found in the nucleus but also throughout the cell. ====

Nucleic acids store genetic information and instructions for protein sysnthesis and all of the cell's fuctions.
 


==== To be capable of reproducing, there must be a way to convert and transmit the information to the new offspring and the Nucleic acids are needed for just that.  It is said that "The material must be capable of incorporating stable structural change, and passing this change on to succeeding generations" on [|www.cem.msu.edu.]====

END OF SCRIPT

__<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 179);">Stability __
====<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 179);"> The inherited information must be stable (unchanged) over the lifetime of the organism if accurate copies are to be conveyed to the offspring. Infrequent changes may take place (see mutability). ====

__<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 179);">Mutability __
====<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 179);"> Despite the inherent stability noted above, the material must be capable of incorporating stable structural change, and passing this change on to succeeding generations. ==== <span style="color: rgb(182, 87, 239);"> ====<span style="color: rgb(182, 87, 239);">"Any of a group of complex compounds found in all living cells and viruses, composed of purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates, and phosphoric acid. Nucleic acids in the form of DNA and RNA control cellular function and heredity." ==== <span style="color: rgb(139, 185, 116);">

<span style="color: rgb(243, 151, 22);">"nucleotides have distinctive structure composed of three compounds covalently bonded together"

 * <span style="color: rgb(243, 151, 22);">__**"a nitrogen-containing "base"** - either a pyrimidine (one ring) or purine (two rings)__
 * <span style="color: rgb(243, 151, 22);">__**a 5-carbon sugar** - ribose or deoxyribose__
 * <span style="color: rgb(243, 151, 22);">__**a phosphate group"**__

<span style="color: rgb(150, 39, 39);">* <span style="color: rgb(150, 39, 39);">http://www.chem4kids.com/files/bio_nucleicacids.html
[|http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/nucacids.htm] <span style="color: rgb(182, 87, 239);">

<span style="color: rgb(9, 15, 236);">[|http://www.dnatutorial.com/Composition.shtml]
====<span style="color: rgb(22, 47, 243);"><span style="color: rgb(60, 0, 255);">[|http://www.enotes.com/science-fact-finder/biology/what-difference-between-dna-rna] ====