Alcohols

Scott O'Neil Matt Bourque Bryan Spencer media type="file" key="alcohols.m4a" width="266" height="266"

Things we stilll need.( i got these of the rubric) -somebody to organize this into a final script -lots more pictures and when script is done the positions of those pictures
 * Alcohol Podcast: Script **

Bryan: My idea for the script is to just have each person say what is written down in bullets. Instead of writing our names next to what we are going to say just have each person say part of each group of information.

scott are you putting this page on a flash drivve and bringing it in?

__COMMENTS__

They are found in a wide range of materials, including body lotions, lipstick, cleaning products, first aid supplies, and some variations of fuels. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcohols/background.html

this is the structure of the alcohol
 * 1) **Alcohols have the hydroxy group OH attached to at least one of the carbon atoms in the chain. If the OH group is directly attached to a benzene ring, it is classified as a [|phenol] .**
 * 2) **The primary suffix name is ..ol for alcohol and so for the longest carbon chain (alkanol) the names are based on: 1 carbon, methanol; 2 carbons, ethanol; 3 carbons, propanol; 4 carbons, butanol. After these 4 preserved 'old trivial' names, the name is 'numerically' systematic e.g. 5 carbons, pentanol; 6 hexanol, 7 heptanol, 8 octanol etc.**
 * 3) **The positions of the substituent alkyl (or other) groups are denoted by using the lowest possible numbers for the associated carbon atoms in the main chain.**
 * 4) **If there is more than one 'type' of substituent e.g. using the prefixes: methyl… and ethyl.. etc., they are written out in alphabetical order (di, tri are ignored in using this rule).**
 * 5) **Alcohols are classified according to the atoms/groups attached to the carbon of the hydroxy group**
 * ** Primary alcohols ('prim') have the structure R-CH2-OH, R = H, alkyl, aryl etc. i.e. apart from methanol they have one alkyl/aryl group attached to the C of the C-OH group and 2 (3 in case of methanol only) H's attached to the C of the C-OH functional group. **
 * ** Secondary alcohols ('sec') have the structure R2CH-OH, R = alkyl or aryl etc. i.e. they have two alkyl/aryl groups attached to the C of the C-OH group and 1 H attached to the C of the C-OH functional group. **
 * ** Tertiary alcohols ('tert') have the structure R3C-OH, R = alkyl or aryl etc. i.e. they have three alkyl/aryl groups attached to the C of the C-OH group and no H attached to the C of the C-OH functional group. **
 * 1) **Ethers are named on the basis of the longest carbon chain with the O-R or alkoxy group, e.g. methoxy CH3O- or ethoxy CH3CH2O- etc. treated as a substituent group.**
 * 2) ** Diol and triol structures are named on the basis of the longest carbon chain and the suffix 'ol'. Diol and triol means two or three hydroxy groups in the molecule. The positions of the OH groups is denoted with the lowest possible numbers. The prefix uses the full parent alkane name e.g. butane…. [|Examples of diols and triols] **
 * 3) **Cycloalcohols (cycloalkanols) are named on the basis of the number of carbon atoms in the ring (minimum 3) and the prefix 'cyclo' and the suffix 'ol' The prefix alkane name e.g. 'prop' has an 'a' added but leaves out the end 'ne' if more than one OH group (note in mono-hydroxy alcohols its propan… and in diols/triols etc. it is propane…)** [|**Examples of cyclic alcohols**]
 * 4) **If the OH group (hydroxy) is directly attached to a benzene ring, the molecule is classified as a 'phenol'. If not, the molecule is classified as an aliphatic alcohol (e.g. all the previous examples so far!). This difference is illustrated below with molecules containing a benzene ring.** [|**Comparison of aliphatic alcohol and phenol structures**]
 * 5)  Epoxy compounds **have a -C-C-O- triangle (epoxide/oxirane ring) in their structure which is equivalent to the simplest cyclic ether.** [|**Examples of epoxy compounds**]
 * 6) ** Some 'old' names are quoted in  though their use should be avoided if possible [but many still used - just put one into GOGGLE!]. **

Alcohols can be recognized by the OH group attached two at least one of the carbons in the chain

This is how alcohols are named. Alcohols are named according to the radical to which the –OH group is attached. For example if the –OH group is attached to the methyl radical CH3 so that the compound is CH3OH, then one has methyl alcohol. If it is attached to the ethyl (C2H5) radical then one has ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) - the alcohol we consume in beverages. The general formula for alcohol is ROH, where R signifies a hydrocarbon radical attached to an -OH group. A list of some of the common alcohols is given below:
 * ** Alcohol Name ** || ** Formula ** ||
 * Methyl alcohol (methanol) || CH3OH ||
 * Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) || CH3CH2OH ||
 * n - propyl alcohol || CH3CH2CH2OH ||
 * Isopropyl alcohol (propanol -2) || CH3CHOHCH3 ||
 * n-butyl alcohol (butanol -1) || CH3(CH2)2CH2OH ||
 * butyl alcohol (butanol⌘-2) || CH3CH2CHOHCH3 ||
 * n-hexyl alcohol (hexanol-1) || CH3(CH2)4CH2OH ||
 * n-heptyl alcohol (heptanol-1) || CH3(CH2)5CH2OH ||
 * n-octyl alcohol (octanol-1) || CH3(CH2)6CH2OH ||
 * ethylene glycol || CH2OHCH2OH ||
 * glycerol || CH2OHCHOHCH2OH ||

Uses of Alcohol Ethanol burns to give carbon dioxide and water and can be used as a fuel in its own right, or in mixtures with petrol (gasoline). "Gasohol" is a petrol / ethanol mixture containing about 10 - 20% ethanol. Because ethanol can be produced by fermentation, this is a useful way for countries without an oil industry to reduce imports of petrol. Ethanol is widely used as a solvent. It is relatively safe, and can be used to dissolve many organic compounds which are insoluble in water. It is used, for example, in many perfumes and cosmetics.   Methanol again burns to form carbon dioxide and water. It can be used a a petrol additive to improve combustion, or work is currently being done on its use as a fuel in its own right. Most methanol is used to make other things - for example, methanal (formaldehyde), ethanoic acid, and methyl esters of various acids. In most cases, these are in turn converted into further products.   Propan-2-ol is widely used in an amazing number of different situations as a solvent. Details on this are probably not required by UK A level syllabuses, but if you need them, an internet search on //propan-2-ol solvent uses// will give you more examples than you can cope with! (There is a Google search box at the bottom of the Main Menu.)
 * As a fuel**
 * As a solvent**
 * Uses of methanol**
 * As a fuel**
 * As an industrial feedstock**
 * Uses of propan-2-ol**

Heres a start. Feel free to alter this in any way you think is best.

An alcohol is an organic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an OH group.the OH group is called the ** hydroxy group and is attached to at least one of the carbon atoms in the chain. **  There are three main classes of alcohols; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The carbon atom which carries the OH group in a primary alcohol is attached to only one alkyl group. In a secondary alcohol, this carbon atom is attached to two alkyl groups and in a tertiary alcohol it is attached to three alkyl groups.   The name of an alcohol is based on the location of the OH group. In the alcohol CH3OH, the initial group is CH3. However, after OH is added, the compound becomes methyl alcohol. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alcohols can be recognized by the OH group attached two at least one of the carbons in the chain  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alcohols always have a higher boiling point than an alkaline with the same number of carbon atoms. The boiling point will increase with the number of carbon atoms. It is difficult to alter alcohols through boiling or freezing because of the strong hydrogen bonds holding them together. They are all somewhat toxic, although to varying degrees. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alcohols are produced through the fermentation of glucose. As a result, because plants create glucose, some plants produce alcohol. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alcohols can be used as fuel <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> One example of an alcohol that can be used as a fuel is ethanol <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">when ethanols burns it gives off carbon dioxide and water and can be used as a fuel in its own right, or in mixtures with petrol (gasoline). "Gasohol" is a petrol / ethanol mixture containing about 10 - 20% ethanol. Because ethanol can be produced by fermentation, this is a useful way for countries without an oil industry to reduce imports of petrol. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ethonal can also be used as a solvent and is widley used <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">. It is relatively safe, and can be used to dissolve many organic compounds which are insoluble in water. It is used, for example, in many perfumes and cosmetics. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Methanol is another alcohols that can be used as a fuel and again it burns to form carbon dioxide and water. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> methonal can also be used a a petrol additive to improve combustion, or work is currently being done on its use as a fuel in its own right. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">methonal can also be use as an industrial feedstock <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Most methanol is used to make other things - for example, methanal (formaldehyde), ethanoic acid, and methyl esters of various acids. In most cases, these are in turn converted into further products. propanol 2 is another alcohol that has many uses Propanol 2 is widely used in an amazing number of different situations as a solvent. Pictures:









__//<span style="font-size: 160%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sources <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.docbrown.info/page06/DFalcether.htm http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcohols/uses.html http://www.chemcases.com/alcohol/alc-02.htm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ethanol-structure.svg/529px-Ethanol-structure.svg.png //__