Ketones

media type="file" key="mn and cd ketones.m4a" width="268" height="268"ketones Meghan Nardella, Chapin Dwyer ketones- an organic compound containing a nonterminal carbonyl, C=O group http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/ketonedef.htm __ketones__- 1. when your body burns stored fat for energy it produces a by-product call ketones 2. functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon ato ms or a compound that contains this functional group

__Situations where you could have ketones:__
**A non-diabetic**- if you have not eaten for several days then the body is starving and ketones will show in urine and blood **Insulin pump malfunction or dislodged pump set**- supply is disrupted due to a pump problem or a clogged/dislodged pump set, then no insulin would be available....see **High blood glucose** **Illness/stress**- if you are under physical or emotional stress, your body needs extra energy to fight it, Hormones tell the body to release stored glucose in an attempt to give you more energy and again this leads to **High blood glucose** <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Exercise** - when you haven't eaten enough or if you don't have enough insulin available to allow the glucose to get into the cells, the cells turn to fat for energy __<span style="color: rgb(0, 52, 255);">http://www.abbottdiabetescare.com/adc_dotcom/url/questionAnswerProfile/en_US/40.20:20/question_answer/question_answer/QuestionAnswer_00146.htm __
 * Pregnancy**-if you are not eating enough for two + people then ketones will be present
 * Hypoglycemia if you are taking diabetes medication-**no glucose is available,body breaks down stored fat to get energy, this can be corrected by a fast acting sugar such as a glucose tab, fruit juice, or a regular soft drink
 * High blood glucose**-if you don't have enough insulin to allow the glucose to get into the cells the glucose is building up in the blood and/or found in the urine

this is kinda of in nature but only because technically humans are nature but i thought that this information would be helpful in our explanation of ketones in our web cast

<span style="color: rgb(230, 112, 217);">- <span style="color: rgb(237, 90, 208);"><span style="color: rgb(12, 8, 12);">**__Some examples of compounds__** organic compounds

http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/ketonedef.htm <span style="color: rgb(248, 48, 233);">the simplest ketone is acetone [http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/ketonedef.htm|http://www.answers.com/topic/ketone] 2-butanone propanone- this is the simplest ketone,whose common name is acetone. It is found in nail pollish remover because it dissolves the organic substances in nail pollish <span style="color: rgb(230, 112, 217);">__**Structure of these compounds**__ carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals and having the general formula R(CO)R ', where R may be the same as R ' .http://www.answers.com/topic/ketone

<span style="color: rgb(230, 112, 217);">__**Information on how these chemicals can be recognized (from the structure)**__ · carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals and having the general formula R(CO)R ', where R may be the same as R ' .http://www.answers.com/topic/ketone <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Ketones and aldehydes both contain carbonyl groups. But the way to tell them apart is by the R groups. The R group stands for the rest of the molecule. A carbonyl group is a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. The way you tell ketones and aldehydes apart is that aldehydes have only one R group. That makes the molecular structure a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl group), a single bonded hydrogen atom, and a single bonded R group. Ketones have two R groups, making the structure; an oxygen double bonded to a carbon, and two single bonded R groups. information found in the chemistry book.

<span style="color: rgb(230, 112, 217);">**__Naming the compounds__** In naming ketones, the parent chain includes the carbonyl group and is numbered so that the carbonyl location is the lowest number. The number of the location must be part of the name whenever there would be an uncertainty. For example: (parent chain will be bold for visual clarity) http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/aldehydes-ketones.html

<span style="color: rgb(246, 131, 237);"><span style="color: rgb(239, 42, 213);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 11, 11);">**__Where can these compounds be found in nature__** urine blood <span style="color: rgb(229, 16, 234);"><span style="color: rgb(243, 126, 246);">During a forest fire or volcanic eruption, ketones are emitted <span style="color: rgb(254, 0, 255);">Ketones are also a byproduct of or metabolism

Acetone, in particular is readily produced in the atmosphere during the oxidation of organic pollutants or natural emissions. ketones are released into the atmosphere in cigarette smoke and car and truck exhaust.

<span style="color: rgb(243, 126, 246);"><span style="color: rgb(229, 16, 234);"><span style="color: rgb(14, 12, 12);">**__Use of these compounds__** <span style="color: rgb(246, 131, 237);"><span style="color: rgb(230, 112, 217);"><span style="color: rgb(243, 126, 246);"><span style="color: rgb(229, 16, 234);">Ketones are commonly used for industrial purposes, and as solvents, ketones can dissolve polymers and adhesives, and are <span style="color: rgb(236, 0, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(243, 126, 246);"><span style="color: rgb(229, 16, 234);">ingredients in lacquers, epoxies, polyurethane, nail polish remover, degreasers, and cleaning solvents.

Also used in nail polish, paints and perfumes because of their high evaporatuion rates, quick drying ability and to help stabilize the other ingredients so that they don't degrade as quickly.

Ketones are also used in industry for the manufacture of plastics and composites and in pharmacutical and photographic film manufacturing. <span style="color: rgb(229, 16, 234);">

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