Esters

esters Aly Shea Lainey Bernfeld Nicole Mitchell

media type="file" key="Aly Lainey Nicole ester.m4a" width="303" height="303"

QUESTION? does the things we put on here have to be in our own words or just when we rewrite the script? because im just going to put on some info directly from websights so we learn the facts and then we can change it into our own words after.-lainey **
 * 

I put a title for each of the things we should concentrate on for our organic compound (esters) so that we can be organized. For the sites that we go to make sure we put the website at the bottom so that we have a bibliography type of thing. - Aly I also put a second bibliography where we can save the site for pictures - Aly

**What is an ester?**
 * Organic compound formed covalently when water is eliminated from a reaction between an acid and an alcohol. The acid is typically organic
 * An organic ompund with a carboxylic acid group in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.-lainey

Examples of compounds
//compound// //, use// > methyl salicylate, Oil of Wintergreen > methyl butanoate, pineapple scent > methyl benzoate, marzipan (for sweets) scent > ethyl methanoate, raspberry scent > ethyl butanoate, pineapple scent > pentyl ethanoate, banana scent > pentyl pentanoate, apple scent > pentyl butanoate, pear or apricot scent > octyl ethanoate, orange scent > ethyl cinnamate, cinnamon scent >  -lainey
 * Aspirin
 * Triglyceride (glycerol ester with long chain fatty acids ( palmitic 16C))
 * Vitamin C ( ascorbate )
 * Acetyl CoA (    Thiolester example) - Aly
 * ethyl ethanoate
 * geraniol formate-rose
 * methyl anthranilate-grape juice and jasmine
 * linalyl acetate-lavender

Structure of these compounds
general ester structure

 <- this is a structure of a typical ester, ethyl ethanoate.-lainey <-- general thioester structure - Aly

Information on how these chemicals can be recognized (from the structure)

 *  Thiolesters - sulfur containing - Aly
 *  A carboxlic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind - sulfur containing
 * have the functional group **(R-COO-R')** meaning that the carbon is single-bonded to an oxygen atom and double-bonded to another
 * consist of the left over of any oxygen acid attached to an alkane
 * carboxylic acid -- R-COOH, and an alcohol -- R'-OH. concentrated hydrochloric or sulfuric acid dehydrates it to catalyze the reaction.

Naming the compounds
Names of esters are made depending on the organic acid and the alcohol from which they come from. For example, when acetic acid reacts with ethyl alcohol, the ester formed is called ethyl acetate. The IPUAC name is different. Acetic acid is called ethanoic acid by the IUPAC rules. Thus the ester formed is called ethyl ethanoate. IUPAC names ester from two words first from the prefix of the alcohol and the second from the name of the acid. -lainey ([|http://home.att.net/~cat6a/org_chem-X.htm])

Ester Nomenclature: 1.) NAME THE PARENT COMPOUND Name the carboxyic acid from which the ester was formed. Change the -oic acid ending with the name of this acid to -oate. This gives the second half of the ester's name. 2.) ADD NAME OF ALKYL GROUP Identify and name the alkyl group that has replaced the hydrogen of the hydroxly group. Add the name of the alkyl group to the front of the name. 3.) LEAVE APPROPRIATE SPACES IN NAME There should be a space between the name of the alkyl group and the name of the parent compound

-lainey (our book)

In other words, the ester's name comes from the [|alkyl] group and [|acetate] which compose the compound. The alkyl group is the portion from the alcohol, while the acetate is the portion from the[| carboxylic acid]. For instance, the ester [|methyl butanoate] comes from the reaction between [|methanol] and [|butanoic acid.]

Where these compounds can be found in nature

 * flowers (wintergreen oil)
 * fruits (bananas, oranges)
 * beeswax - Aly
 * glycerol
 * fatty acids
 * in many plants

Use of these compounds

 * artificial fragrance (distinctive smell)
 *  artificial food flavours such as ice creams, soft drinks, sweets, etc.
 * industrial solvents for making cellulose, fats, paints and varnishes.
 *  solvents in pharmaceutical industries.
 * <span style="color: rgb(221, 19, 19);"> in plastic industries and molding industries -lainey ([|http://home.att.net/~cat6a/org_chem-X.htm])
 * <span style="color: rgb(221, 19, 19);">nail polish removers
 * <span style="color: rgb(221, 19, 19);">glue
 * component of [|biodiesel]


 * by synthesizing naturally occurring compunds, they can be used to make various flavors. -lainey

**Physical Properties**
 * Esters with low molecular weights are colorless volatile liquids
 * Esters with high molecular weights are colorless waxy solids
 * Give off strong citrus or fruity smell
 * Neutral, "base or acid"

Picture Bibliography
1) http://course.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/s030032/EDD5169E/images/ester.jpg 2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioester 1/13 3)http://www.gcsescience.com/o54.htm 1/13 4)http://flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/551792077/ 1/13 5) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salicylic_acid_methyl_ester_chemical_structure.png 1/13 6)http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/organic/esters.html 7)http://www.projectshum.org/Ester/